Window frames



April 5, 1955 E. G. LIVESAY 2,705,415

WINDOW FRAMES Filed March 14, 1951 4 sheetssheet l INVENTOR. ZLPKJC BY r WP: 74 -7 April 5, 1955 E. G. LIVESAY WINDOW FRAMES Filed March 14, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN TOR.

April 5, 1955 Filed March 14, 1951 E. G. LIVESAY WINDOW FRAMES 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 l I jixr' INVENTOR. M Q BY 2 M1 April 1955 E. G. LIVESAY 2,705,415

wmuow FRAMES United States Patent WINDOW FRAMES Everett Grey Livesay, Coral Gables, Fla. Application .March 14, i951, Serial No. 215,465

3 Claims. (Cl. 72-98) This invention relates to precast window frame or trim installations and has for its principal object the provision of a composite metal and concrete framing of one-piece or monolithic construction in which the metallic frame proper is embedded in the concrete trim portion during the precasting operation, with only those portions exposed which support the sash and provide sealing contact therewith.

It is the general object of the invention to provide a novel and improved window installation which is particularly suited for use in the building of masonry or concrete structures, which is adapted for embodiment in double-hung, casement, and awning types of windows, and which is constructed for as complete Weatherproofing as it is possible to attain.

"Prior proposals looking toward the provision of monolithic window trim have been made, but have not been notably successful nor have they gone into widespread use. The metal framing heretofore has been secured within the precast concrete trim member by bolting it to socketed metal inserts placed at spaced intervals in the concrete trim. in an effort to prevent leakage around the metal frame and to make the assembly as weatherproof as possible, the frame was bedded in plastic caulking compound, but this expedient is expensive and of doubtful permanence.

The novel and improved composite unitary framing provided by the ,present invention does away with these deficiencies and affords a compact, permanent, easily precast and installed window or other closure for building structures.

Another important feature of the invention is the embedment of the principal portion of the window operat ing mechanism in the concrete trim during precasting thereof, and this novel improvement is particularly applicable to windows of the awning and casement types. In the present arrangement, an extruded metal frame having anchoring flanges provided at appropriate places thereon is at least partially embedded in the monolithic trim during casting and very little of the metal frame projects from the contour of the trim. This serves as a protection to the flanges of the metal frame so that it will not be readily bent or distorted during handling or "shipmentbut will maintain its shape and rigidity so that there will always be a proper fit between the sashes, caseinents or other movable parts of the Window, and the frame. Savings in labor and the cost of fastening elements will also be effected by the provision of the composite framing by a single casting job.

The principles of the invention are adaptable to openings of a wide variety of functions and constructions, and the illustrated embodiments show the invention applied to double-hung windows and windows of the multiple sash awning type,

*It is also an object of theinvention to provide novel and improved methods for constructing "the framing in- 'stallations.

Other-objects andfeatures of novelty, including numer- "ous novel details of construction of the metal Window frames to adapt them to various window combinations, will be apparent from the following specification when read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which certain embodiments of 'thein-ventionrare illustrated by way of example.

In the drawings *Figure 1 is a view in front elevationof a double-hung Window-embodying the principles of the invention;

2,705,415 Patented Apr. 5, 1955 Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view on an enlarged scale through the Window andtaken online 2-,2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view in horizontal section taken on line 3-3 of Figure l;

Figure 4 is a view partly in perspective and partly in vertical section of the window frame showing clearly the contours of the concrete trim portion and the extruded metal frame insert;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view in elevation of an awning type window embodying the composite framing features of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a horizontal transverse sectional view taken substantially on line 7-7 of Figure 5 Figure 8 is a fragmentary view in vertical section taken substantially on line -88'of Figure 9 and showing the sash operating means for the awning type of window;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 9-9 of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view taken on line iii-10 of Figure 8;

Figure ll is a detail view in perspective of one of the sash hanging elements of the awning window; and

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view in elevation looking toward the window from the inside thereof and showing in the lower left-hand cornerof the installation the means for rotatably supporting the left-hand end of the operating rock shaft 156.

the inwardly disposed metal :frame 13. This composite installation is adapted to be prefabricated as a unit for ready transportation and installation, the metal frame proper being embedded solidly and permanently within the monolithic trim portion during the casting operation.

The concrete trim portion A may be of any desired configuration, one example being shown in the drawings as comprising the .lintel 12, the sill 13, and the side members or jatnbs 14 and 15. The entire outer peripheral surface of the trim Ais preferably provided with troughlilte recesses or grooves such as indicated at 16 .for the reception of mortarso -as to firmly key the window installation to-the wall in which-itis positioned. Suitable metal reinforcing :rods are suggested at 18 and these may take various forms or maybe omitted altogether in some cases.

Centrally of the thickness of thetrim member A, the metal frame proper which is designated by the reference character .13 is disposed with projecting portions embedded substantially throughout the periphery of the member within the concrete body .of the trim A.

In the upper portion of FigureYZ, the lintel element of the metal frame B .is designated 20 and comprises the rather broad plate portion 21 terminating in a rightangled flange 22 ,at its inwardedge and at its outer edge in a squared substantially U-shaped box-like projection 23. For interlocking and securely anchoring the'lintel element 2b in the concrete trim A when it is cast, the inner facing portion 22 is extended into the concrete as a flange 25,.a similar but shorter flange 26 extends into the concrete from an intermediate portion of the wide surfaceZl, and a similar flangei27 extends from the part 23 of the lintel. .All thread the flanges 25, 2s and 27 arepreferablyprovided .at their .inner edges with anchoring angular flanges 30.

The sill element 32 of :the metal frame B is clearly shown in the lower'portion of "Figure 12 and thisportion 36 is formed on the sill "element 32 andthispor-tion is also provided with an embedded flange 37 having an anchoring edge flange 30. An intermediate embedded flange 38 extends from the sill element 32 and this also is provided with angular locking flanges 30.

An inspectionof Figure 3 will reveal how the jamb or side elements of the embedded metal frame B are formed in the exemplary embodiment. Each of the jamb elements 40 is provided with stepped plate portions 41 and 42 which provide a shoulder at 43. Inwardly of the plate portion 42 there is formed a box-like projecting portion 45, this portion forming with the plate 42 a shoulder or wall 46, a portion of which extends inwardly of the open- ,ing to provide a flange. The box-like portion 45 is also provided with a groove as at 47 within which a screen may be guided. An inner facing portion 48 completes the metal portion of the framing at the inner side of the jamb. Three embedded flanges 50, 51 and 52 are carried by the jamb elements 40 and these flanges may be provided with the usual anchoring heads or flanges 30. The jamb elements 40 on both sides of the window frame are identical and the same reference characters are applied in each case.

For the purpose of properly carrying the sliding sashes of this double-hung window embodiment, channel-like supplemental jamb strips or runners are provided, in association with the jamb elements 40. These channel strips are indicated at 55 and comprise the base flange 56, the

outer exposed flange 57 and an inner flange 58, which latter flange forms adivision plate between the upper and lower sashes of the window. The channel or guide strips 55 may be secured to the jamb portion of the assembly by means of the countersunk screws 59 which are received in the internally threaded socket elements 60 embedded in the concrete of the trim A, these screws passing through the portion 41 of the jamb section 40 of the metal frame B. Alternatively, the strips 55 could be secured to the metal frame portion 40in various ways, providing only that the securing means he of a detachable nature so that the sashes might be removed after installation of the window framing.

For the purpose of more firmly anchoring the jamb portions 40 of the frame B in the concrete of the trim A, it might be desired to employ a similar socket insert 61 behind the plate 42 of the metal jamb 40 and employ a countersunk screw 62 which passes through an opening in the portion 42 of the jamb.

The upper sash member is indicated at 65 and the lower sash at 66. Each of the rectangular sash frames is provided with channel-like outwardly opening marginal 7 portions. at 68, the panes being held in place by conventional beading 69. The'upper cross member of the upper sash, shown in Figure 2, is adapted to abut the lintel surface 21 Both sashes are provided with glass panes as when the sash is in 'its'uppermost position, the outside v surface of the cross member'70 lying against the downwardly projecting U-shaped portion 23 of the lintel frame. For properly Weatherstripping the upper part of the sash a section of spring Weatherstripping 72 is provided, one

edge of the spring element being seated in the pocket 73 formed in the edge o'f the sash. The lower cross member 75 of the uppersash is of a simple channel shape, however with a horizontal flange 76 formed on the inner leg of the channel. 77 of the lower sash is provided with a horizontal flanged extension 78 forming a pocket within which a spring Weatherstripping element 79 is received so as to abut the flange 76 of the upper sash when the sashes are in closed position.

The lower cross member 80 of the lower sash is prowill be clearlyseen from an inspection of Figure 3 of the drawings. The outwardly opening channel-like side porjtionsof the. sash frarnes may be given thecommon designation since they are substantially identical in form.

The iouter"and-upper sashg65 is received betweenthe inwardly disposed flange 46 of the metal frame B and the flange 58 of the channel strip 55, while the inner and The upper box-like cross member lower sash 66 is received for vertical movement within the flanges 57 and 58 of the strip 55. A spring weatherstrip element 90 of generally U-shaped section is clamped around the flange 58 and has outwardly bowed legs against which the side elements of the upper and lower sashes bear. Between the flange 57 and the outer face of the upper sash and between the flange 46 and the inner face of the lower sash, there may be disposed additional packing elements 92 to further seal the margins of the sashes.

Any suitable screen device may be inserted to be guided within the grooves 47.

in Figures 5-11 of the drawings there is disclosed for purposes of further exemplification of the adaptations of the present invention, an awning type of window in which horizontally pivoted sashes are adapted to be swung to open and closed position by suitable operating mechanism. The novel composite unitary precast framing unit in this embodiment is designated generally by the reference numeral 100, the concrete trim portion thereof being indicated at A and the interlocked and embedded metal frame member designated by the reference character B. As in the previously described embodiment, the metal frame portion of the unitary structure surrounds the opening formed by the concrete trim, embracing a somewhat thickened intermediate portion of the trim. Preferably the metal frame is made up of sections of extruded corrosion-resisting metal, these sections being appropriately shaped to provide lintel, jamb, and sill elements of the rectangular frame. If desired, the strips may bejoined at the corners in any suitable way as, for example, by mitering the ends of the sections and connecting them by welding. In the present embodiment, there is an exception to this mode of joining the adjacent ends of the jamb and sill strips, as will be evident as the description proceeds.

In the illustrated embodiment, the lintel portion of the concrete trim block is indicated at 102, the jamb portions thereof at 103 and 104, and the sill portion at 105. Similar portions of the metal frame B are designated as follows: the lintel element by the numeral 107, the jamb portions by the numerals 108 and 109, and the sill element by the numeral 110.

Suitable reinforcing elements 112 may be embedded in the concrete trim A.

The swinging sashes are clearly shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings, the upper sash being given the general designation 115 andthe lower sash 116, each sash comprising a rectangular metal frame 118 and 119. Brackets 120 are bolted as at 121 to the upper corners of each of the frames 118 and 119 and upward angularly projecting arms of these brackets are pivoted as at 122 to the jamb portions 103 and-1040f the concrete trim A. Recessed threaded inserts 123 may be cast into the trim block and the bolts 122 threaded therein as clearly shown in Figure 7 of the drawings. 1

The lintel strip 107, as in the case of the similar strip 20 in the double-hung window embodiment, is provided with edge flanges 125 and 126 and an intermediate flange 127, all of these flanges having anchoring angular flanges 129 preferably at their inner embedded edges. The lintel strip 107 is shouldered as at 130 to accommodate a screen which will be described presently. The flange 126 which is partially exposed at the outer portion of the window is provided with a recess 132 within which may be snapped a metal drip guard 135. The vertical flange 136 of the upper sash frame 118 abuts the outer corner of the lintel'plate 107 when the sash is in closed position and forms a close sealing junction therewith.

Near each outer end of the lintel strip 107 of the metal embedded framing, an opening is provided which lets into the interior of the embedded box 140 which is enclosed within the lintel portion 102 of the concrete trim A when it is formed. This box provides a relief or recess which houses the upper end of the system of the operating linkage which serves to swing the window sashes. It will be seen from an inspection of Figure 7 of the drawings that the main portions of the sash frames 118 and 119 are spaced away from the jamb strips of the metal frame a slight'distance and the outwardly facing flanges 141 of the sash frames-extend across and cover the intervening space between the sash frames 118 and 119 and the window frame proper represented at B. The recessed box 140forrns in'eflect an'upward continuation of the space or pocket 141' within which the linkages are disposed.

The upper corners of each of the sashes 11 and 116 are provided with angular brackets 142 and 143, which are shown in detail in Figure 11 0f the drawings. These brackets 142 and 143 are provided with the hook-shaped extended end portions 144 and flanges 145 which may be bolted to the sash frames. An opening 146 is formed in each of the hooked ends 144 and pivot bolts pass through these openings in order to connect the brackets 142 and 143 to the operating linkages. These linkages comprise connecting links 150 which are pivoted at their upper ends to the upper brackets 142 and at their lower ends to the lower brackets 143. The lower brackets 143 are connected by means of the links 152 to the ends of operating crank arms 155 which are rigidly secured to the operating crank shaft 156 suitably secured at the lower portion of the window and operated by devices yet to be described.

Returning now to the detailed description of the metal frame portion B of the novel composite framing assembly 100, it will be seen from an inspection of Figure 7 of the drawings that the jamb strips 108 and 109 are provided with edge flanges 158 and 159 and an intermediate flange 160, all of which flanges are preferably provided with angular anchoring flanges 161. The outer edge flange 158 is partially exposed and serves as a sealing abutment for the sash flange 141, while the inward portion of the jamb plate 108 is shouldered as at 162 and provided with a longitudinal indentation or groove 163 to accommodate a removable screen suggested at 165. The screen frame 166 abuts the shoulder 162 and spring-pressed buttons or other detent elements 167 are adapted .to enter, the grooves 163. The screen frame is notched out as at 168 to receive the edges of the screen wire represented diagrammatically at 169. The screen frame may be extended toward the sash as at 170 in a position to be abutted thereby when it is closed.

The sill strip 110 of the metal frame B is shown in section in Figure 6 of the drawings and it includes the outer and inner edge flanges 172 and 173 and the intermediate flange 174, these flanges being at least partially embedded in the concrete of the sill portion 105 of the concrete trim A. Suitable anchoringflanges 175 are provided at the inner edges of these embedded flanges. The exposed portion of the flange 172 provides sealing abutment means for the flange 176 of the lower portion of the lower sash frame 119. The sill plate 110 is shouldered as at 177 for accommodation of the screen which has already been described, and just inwardly of the inner edge flange 173 there may be set a separately formed sill member 180, if desired, this additional sill member being set in cement as at 181 upon the inner portion of the sill section 105 of the concrete trim.

The operating rock shaft 156 which extends across the opening just above the sill element 110 of the metal portion of the framing is rotatably carried at its lefthand end (as viewed facing out of the window) in a bearing opening formed in the block 185 which may be secured to the face of the chamber section 180 as by means of the screw 186. At the opposite side of the window is provided the operating mechanism for rotating the shaft 156 and this mechanism is clearly disclosed in Figures 8 and 9 of the drawings.

The sill element 110 of the metal window frame abuts the extended portion 190 of the vertical jamb plate 109 as at 191. isposed behind the lower end of the jamb element 109 in this corner of the window, embraced to some extent by the side flanges 158 and 159 of that element and embedded within the concrete of the monolithic trim block A where the jamb and sill portions thereof meet, is the box 200. This box may be held in place with relation to the jamb plate 109 by temporary means during the pouring of the concrete so that it will be embedded therein, or it may be permanently secured to this plate as at 202 and 203, by welding if desired. A relatively large opening 205 is formed in the face of the jamb plate 109 and this opening is shaped to accommodate the right-hand end of the shaft 156 which passes therethrough, traverses the width of the box 200 and finds its bearing in the opening 207 in a thickened portion of the rear wall 208 of the box. The end portion of the shaft 156 carries the worm gear 210 which meshes with the worm 212 carried upon the crank rod 214 which is adapted to be manually operated by means of a detachable crank 215. The box 200 may be enlarged somewhat as at 217 to accommodate the worm 212 and the side walls 218 and 219 are provided with hearing members 220 and 221 for the shaft or rod 214. The bearing member 220 is socketed to receive the end of the rod 214 and provide a. combined thrust and radial bearing therefor. The bearing element 221 provides a radial bearing for an intermediate portion of the rod, and between these bearings the worm element is disposed, this element comprising the worm proper 212 and bushing or sleeve extensions thereof 223 and 224. A cotter 225 may be passed through one of the sleeves 223 or 224 and the rod 214, to key the worm assembly on the rod 214. A cover plate 230 is applied to the opening 205 which leads through the jamb plate 109 into the interior of the box 200, this cover plate being secured by means of screws 231. The operating parts may be introduced into the box 200 through the opening 230 and access maybe had through this opening for purposes of repairing or removing the parts. The box 200 may be partially filled with lubricating grease and in ordinary usage, the lubricant will not have to be renewed except perhaps at extremely long intervals.

The operation of the windows disclosed in Figures 5-12 inclusive will be readily understood. With the window sashes and 116 in closed position as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, the crank 215 may be rotated to rock the operator shaft 156 and swing the cranks 15'5 outwardly and downwardly as in the direction of the arrow X shown in Figure 6. During-this movement the links 152 pull the lower sash brackets 143 in a downward direction thus swinging the lower sash 116 outwardly about its pivots 122. The upper links exert a similar downward pull on the upper sash brackets 142 and this serves to swing the upper sashes 115 outwardly around their hinge points 122. The cranks will'not collide with the flanges 141 of the window sashes since by the time the ends of the cranks reach these flanges the sashes will have begun to swing outwardly and upwardly.

In order to assure that the window seals tightly against the metal framing when in closed position, adjusting means are provided for each of the linkages 150 and 152 for operating the sashes. The means for adjusting these linkages is clearly shown in Figures 8 and 10 of the drawings with reference to the links 152, and the adjustment for the upper links 150 is identical and need not be separately described. The upper end of each link 152 includes a stub extension element 250, the principal portion of which lies against the link 152 and is adjustably secured thereto by means of the screws 251. These screws pass through slots or elongated openings 252 in the extension 250 but are threaded into openings 253 in the link proper. The end of the part 250 is offset slightly as at 255 and is provided with the opening through which the pivot pin 256 passes. This pin passes through similar openings in the lower sash bracket 143 and the lower end of the upper link 150. It will be readily understood how the extension 250 may be adjusted by means of ilgez screws 251 to vary the effective length of the links In the embodiment of the invention just described, there 18 not only provided a novel composite framing installation comprising a concrete trim interlocked with a metal inner frame, but means are also provided within the contour or outlines of the composite element for concealing and snugly disposing the greater portion of the operating mechanism.

Various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments illustrated and described herein without departing from the scope of the invention as determined by the following claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. A window installation comprising a precast unitary composite framing member, said member comprising an endless monolithic concrete trim and a metal frame outlining the window opening in the concrete trim and being at least partially embedded within the mass of concrete of the trim during casting but having a continuous exposed portion around the window opening, a pivoted window sash disposed within said window opening and adapted to seat against the exposed portions of the metal frame when the window is closed, a sash operating shaft rotatably mounted in said framing member within said ,window-opening and'means operatively connecting said .of said metal frame, oneend of said rock shaft extending snugly through an opening in the metal frame into said receptacle, gearing in said receptacle for actuating said rock shaft,- manually actuated means extending snugly through another opening into said receptacle for actuating said gearing said receptacle being imperforate except for said openings, said rock shaft and said actuating means fitting snugly in the respective receptacle openings, and said casing being adapted to contain a body of lubricant to lubricate said gearing.

2. A pro-cast unitary composite framing member for application as a unit to the window openings of building structures, said member comprising, in combination, an endless monolithic concrete trim portion constituting the bulk of the framing member and forming the outer pcripheral part thereof which is adapted to be set and secured in the building opening, and a second inwardly disposed metal frame portion integrally interlocked with and embedded in the concrete of the outer portion during casting and outlining the sash-receiving opening in the latter; said metal frame portion having substantially continuous parallel side flanges embedded in the radially inward part of the concrete trim portion around the opening, and also having substantially continuous exposed parts around the opening as for attachment and sealing contact with the sash of a window; a hollow box-like metal casing forming a part of the metallic portion of the composite structure, being substantially flush with Y the continuous exposed part of the metal frame portion 'so as not to interrupt the even contour thereof, and embedded more deeply 1nto the concrete trim portion; window operating gearing housed within said casing, said casing being adapted to contain a body of lubricant to lubricate said gearing, openings through which connecting and operating elements of said gearing extend from the casing, said elements fitting said openings snugly inorder to prevent the escape of lubricant, all whereby a composite pre-formed window framing structure with substantially self-contained operating gearing may be pre-formed with said parts concealed so as not to interrupt the conventional regular contour of the window frame.

-3. A composite framing member for use in window installation comprising, in combination, concrete trim portions constituting the bulk of the framing member and forming the outer peripheral part thereof which is adapted to be set and secured in the building opening; inwardly disposed metal frame portions integrally interlocked with and imbedded in the concrete of the outer portions during casting and outlining the sash-receiving opening in the latter, said metal frame portions having parallel side flanges imbedded in the radially inward part of the concrete trim portions around the opening, and also having exposed parts around the opening as for attachment and sealing contact with the sash of the window; a hollow box-like metal casing forming a part of one of the metallic portions of the composite structure, the inner side of said casing being substantially flush with the exposed part of said metal frame portion so as not to interrupt the even contour thereof, the sides of said casing except said flush side being completely enclosed by said concrete trim; window operating gearing housed within said casing, said casing being adapted to contain a body of lubricant to lubricate said gearing; openings through which connecting and operating elements of said gearing extend from said casing, said elements fitting said openings snugly in order to prevent the escape of lubricant, all whereby a composite window framing structure with substantial self-contained operating gearing may be formed with the parts of said gearing concealed so as not to interrupt the conventional regular contour of the window frame.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 810,887 Smith Jan. 23, 1906 837,418 McCann Dec. 4, 1906 984,611 Smith Feb. 21, 1911 1,640,595 Buss Aug. 30, 1927 1,736,432 Dixon Nov. 19, 1929 1,881,971 Roedig Oct. 11, 1932 2,030,234 Villalobos Feb. 11, 1936 2,166,870 Livesay July 18, 1939 2,219,593 Lang Oct. 29, 1940 2,383,912 Gargiulo Aug. 28, 1945 

